換熱器設備的種類很多，但不管是哪種類型的換熱器，在運行一段時間后,在換熱器內外壁上粘附一層白色水垢。水垢形成的主要原因是由于水中含有溶解度較小的鈣、鎂鹽類，這種鹽類有共同特性，其溶解度隨著水溫升高而下降，且變成難容的鹽類。
There are many kinds of heat exchanger equipment, but no matter what type of heat exchanger, after running for a period of time, a layer of white fouling adheres to the inner and outer walls of the heat exchanger. The main reason for scale formation is that there are less soluble calcium and magnesium salts in the water. These salts have the same characteristics. Their solubility decreases with the increase of water temperature and become difficult salt.
換熱器結垢后對于設備的影響：
The influence of scale after heat exchanger on equipment:
一、水垢附在傳熱面上，難于，增加了檢修費用，不僅耗費人力、物力，而且會使受熱面受到損傷，降低換熱器壽命。
1. Scale attached to the heat transfer surface is difficult to remove, which increases the overhaul costs. It not only consumes manpower and material resources, but also damages the heating surface and reduces the life of the heat exchanger.
二、水垢產生后，會減小傳熱面內外流通截面，增加了傳熱面內外循環(huán)水的流通阻力，嚴重時流通截面很小，甚完全被堵塞，就會使換熱器不能正常運行。
Secondly, the scale will reduce the flow cross-section inside and outside the heat transfer surface and increase the flow resistance of circulating water inside and outside the heat transfer surface. If the flow cross-section is very small, or even completely blocked, the heat exchanger will not work properly.
三、水垢導熱性能很差，它比鋼鐵導熱能力小30～50倍，有水垢存在就會使受熱面?zhèn)鳠嶙儔?，因而`使傳熱面不能達到理想的溫度降。根據(jù)有關資料介紹，經實驗，產生1mm厚的水垢，換熱器將會下降10%左右效率。
3. Scale has poor thermal conductivity, which is 30-50 times less than that of iron and steel. The existence of scale will deteriorate the heat transfer on the heating surface, so that the heat transfer surface can not reach the desired temperature drop. According to the relevant information, the heat exchanger will reduce efficiency by about 10% after the experiment, which produces 1 mm thick scale.

換熱器結垢的處理方法：
Treatment of fouling in heat exchanger:
1.加藥軟化處理。加藥軟化處理，具有方法簡單、效率高、經濟性好和不需要專門的制水設備等特點，是一種實用性很強的防垢水處理方法。根據(jù)加藥的方法不同，分校正劑處理和防垢處理兩種。
1. add medicine softening treatment. Softening treatment by adding medicine is a kind of practical anti-fouling water treatment method with the characteristics of simple method, high efficiency, good economy and no special water-making equipment. According to different dosing methods, there are two kinds of positive treatment and anti scaling treatment.
2.離子棒防垢水處理。離子棒防垢水處理是一種新興、的水處理設備。在熱水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)、空調系統(tǒng)、循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)中應用，均取得滿意的防垢效果，是很有發(fā)展前途的新型水處理設備，尤其在換熱器上應用，效果將更為顯著。
2. ion rod scale water treatment. Anti scaling treatment of ionic rods is a new and advanced water treatment equipment. It has been applied in hot water circulation system, central air conditioning system and circulating cooling water system with satisfactory scale prevention effect. It is a promising new water treatment equipment, especially in heat exchanger, and the effect will be more remarkable.
3.磁化防垢處理。磁化防垢處理原理是利用水分子具有的極性,即水分子是共價化合。當水流通過高強度的磁場之后，水中的多分子締合體和離子磁場的作用，原來單散的多離子組成的締合體被拆散為單個的或短鍵的締合體，它們以一定的速度垂直切割外界磁場的磁力線而產生感應電流。因此，每個離子按與外界磁場同方向建立新的磁場，相鄰的帶極性的離子分子，就有秩序地相互壓縮和吸引，從而導致結晶條件的改變，形成的結晶物很松弛，抗壓、抗拉能力差，并且很脆，其粘結力和附著力也很弱，它們不易附著在受熱面上形成水垢。
3. magnetization and scale prevention. The principle of magnetization and scale prevention is to make use of the polarity of water molecules, that is, water molecules are covalently bonded. When water flows through a high-intensity magnetic field, the interaction between the multimolecular associations and the ionic magnetic field in the water, the associations formed by the original single ions are split into single or short-bonded associations, which cut the magnetic field lines vertically at a certain speed to generate induced current. Therefore, each ion establishes a new magnetic field in the same direction as the external magnetic field, and the adjacent polar ion molecules compress and attract each other orderly, resulting in the change of crystallization conditions. The crystals formed are very relaxed, poor in compression and tensile strength, and very brittle, and their adhesion and adhesion are weak, and they do not. It is easy to deposit on the heating surface to form scale.
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